Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research

Design and Control System of VTOL Drone Bom Carrier

2026-03-02T13:39:04+07:00

This study presents the development of a Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) drone system capable of autonomously carrying and releasing a lightweight bomb payload with high precision. The drone employs a hybrid quadcopter–fixed-wing configuration, using the Speedybee F405 flight controller with ArduPilot firmware, supported by GPS, IMU, and barometer sensors for autonomous navigation. Testing was conducted through Software-In-The-Loop (SITL) simulation and limited field trials. Results demonstrate stable hovering with a position deviation of less than ±0.5 meters, waypoint navigation accuracy of ±1.2 meters, and a payload release success rate of 75%. The system shows strong potential for further development as a tactical UAV platform with semi-autonomous and high-precision operational capabilities.

Do Technologies Influence Indirect the Sustainable Urban Transport in Developing Countries? A Mediating Roles of Infrastructure, Vehicles, and Operations in Tanzania

2026-03-02T13:37:49+07:00

Increasing mobility demand and rapid urbanization in developing countries have intensified environmental degradation, congestion, traffic inefficiencies, and unsustainable transport practices. Although technological innovations such as digital platforms. intelligent transport systems, and smart mobility solutions are encouraged as remedies, empirical evidence clearing up how these technologies translate into sustainable urban transport outcomes remains limited. In specific, inadequate attention has been given to the mediating role of transport systems (infrastructure, vehicles, and operations) in linking technology adoption to sustainability of urban transport. This study therefore examined the influence of technology on sustainable urban transport, emphasizing infrastructure, vehicles, and operations as mediating constructs. The study adopted positivism research paradigm and an explanatory research design to test hypothesized causal relationships. A stratified sampling technique was employed to obtain a sample of 300 respondents drawn from key urban transport stakeholders. Data were collected through documentary review and structured questionnaires to enhance contextual reliability and validity. Descriptive statistics data were computed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26 to analyze respondents’ demographic characteristics while Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 was used to assess both measurement and structural models in inferential data analysis. The results show that technology adoption significantly influences indirectly sustainable urban transport. Furthermore, transport systems particularly infrastructure modernization partially mediates this relationship, strengthening sustainability outcomes. The study reveals new insights to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence that technology alone is insufficient; its influence on sustainable urban transport depends on the effectiveness of transport system integration. The findings offer managerial and policy implications for urban transport authorities and planners seeking to promote sustainable urban transport in developing countries, Tanzania in particular.

Gricean Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature in Prabowo Subianto`s United Nations General Assembly Speech : a Pragmatic Analusis of Idiological Positioning

2026-03-07T07:38:34+07:00

This study examines the realization of Grice’s Cooperative Principle and conversational implicatures in Prabowo Subianto’s speech at the 2025 United Nations General Assembly, focusing on their role in constructing diplomatic meaning and ideological positioning. Drawing on Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle and Levinson’s (2022) theory of implicature, the research employed a qualitative descriptive design within a pragmatic discourse analysis framework. The data consisted of ten strategically selected utterances containing significant pragmatic features. The findings reveal that the speaker predominantly observes the maxims of Quality and Relation to establish credibility, relevance, and moral commitment to global issues. Meanwhile, the maxims of Manner and Quantity are strategically flouted to convey implicit criticism, ideological stance, and diplomatic politeness. Two types of implicatures were identified: generalized and particularized. Generalized implicatures reflect universal values such as peace, justice, and humanitarian solidarity, whereas particularized implicatures signal Indonesia’s political alignment and long-standing foreign policy orientation. The interplay between cooperative strategies and implicature enhances persuasive communication without direct confrontation. This study demonstrates that pragmatic strategies in diplomatic discourse function not only to construct meaning but also to project national identity and moral authority in contemporary political communication.

Layered CNS Interface Framework for Civil–Military Airspace Integration: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review of Airspace Security Effectiveness

2026-04-09T10:17:16+07:00

Airspace has evolved into a contested socio-technical domain in which civil aviation, military operations, and cyber infrastructures interact under increasing complexity yet remain structurally fragmented. Existing scholarship is dispersed across aviation safety, defense doctrine, and cybersecurity, limiting the development of integrative frameworks capable of explaining system-level security outcomes. While systems-of-systems (SoS) research predominantly emphasizes technical interoperability, the role of governance in structuring cross-domain integration remains insufficiently theorized.This study addresses this gap through a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 35 high-relevance sources indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Adopting a SoS perspective, it develops the Layered CNS Interface Framework (LCIF) as a governance-driven, multi-layer integration architecture linking policy, operational, technological, and cyber dimensions.The synthesis suggests that airspace security effectiveness is shaped by three interdependent constructs—integration quality, interoperability, and adaptive capacity—within which civil–military air traffic management operates as a mediating mechanism translating structural integration into coordinated operational outcomes. These relationships are theoretically derived from cross-domain synthesis rather than empirically established.The study contributes by extending SoS theory into the domain of security governance and by reconceptualizing interoperability as a multi-dimensional construct encompassing technical, institutional, and decision-making alignment. The LCIF model provides a theoretically grounded and empirically testable foundation, enabling future examination of multi-layer causal relationships through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in complex airspace systems.

OPTIMIZATION OF NATIONAL DEFENSE INDUSTRY CAPACITY TO ENSURE THE FULFILLMENT OF INDONESIAN NAVY DEFENSE EQUIPMENT IN SUPPORT OF NATIONAL MARITIME DEFENSE

2026-04-09T19:49:34+07:00

The dynamics of the global strategic environment, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region, require Indonesia to continuously strengthen its maritime defense through the independent and sustainable fulfillment of the Indonesian Navy’s primary weapon systems. This study aims to analyze the current capacity of the national defense industry, identify the main obstacles in meeting the Indonesian Navy’s defense equipment needs, and formulate relevant optimization strategies. The study employs a qualitative method, grounded in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2002 concerning National Defense and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Indonesian National Armed Forces, and is supported by Defense Industry Theory and Self-Reliance Theory. The findings show that the national defense industry has made progress, particularly in the construction of several types of warships; however, it still faces limitations in mastering high-end technology, importing strategic components, research and development, and institutional synergy. SWOT analysis places the strategy in Quadrant III (turn-around), emphasizing the reduction of import dependence, strengthening mastery of strategic technology, increasing research investment, and optimizing collaboration among the government, industry, research institutions, and the Indonesian Navy. This strategy is important to strengthen the self-reliance of the national defense industry and support national defense readiness at sea.

AN ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP AND STRUGGLE IN THE 2026 UNITED STATES–VENEZUELA CONFLICT TO ENHANCE THE CAPABILITIES OF THE INDONESIAN NAVY IN DEVELOPING OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES

2026-04-09T21:19:15+07:00

— This study examines the 2026 conflict between the United States and Venezuela through the lenses of transformational leadership, realism in international relations, crisis decision-making, and asymmetric warfare. Using a qualitative method, the research analyzes the chronology of the conflict from the pre-crisis phase, the outbreak of military confrontation, and its post-conflict regional and global repercussions. The findings show that the conflict was driven by the intersection of geopolitical rivalry, energy security, military pressure, and ideological contestation. From a leadership perspective, Donald Trump and Nicolás Maduro demonstrated contrasting but equally decisive leadership styles in responding to crisis conditions. From a realist perspective, the conflict reflected the pursuit of national interests, power projection, and the struggle to preserve regional influence. The study also finds that crisis decision-making under time pressure and uncertainty shaped rapid strategic choices on both sides, while Venezuela’s response illustrated the relevance of asymmetric warfare in confronting a militarily superior adversary. Furthermore, the conflict generated humanitarian, diplomatic, and energy-related consequences that extended beyond the two states. For Indonesia, particularly the Navy, the case offers important lessons on maritime readiness, joint operations, defense diplomacy, and post-conflict stabilization.

DETERMINING PRIORITIES FOR DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT THE PROTECTION OF STRATEGIC VITAL AREAS OF THE INDONESIAN NAVY IN ORDER TO COUNTER MILITARY AND NON-MILITARY THREATS WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

2026-04-09T21:34:40+07:00

— The development of modern defense technology has become a critical component of national security strategy in responding to increasingly complex and multidomain threats. This study examines the prioritization of defense technology development to support the protection of Strategic Vital Areas of the Indonesian Navy against both military and non-military threats. Using an integrated methodological approach, the study combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis to generate objective and strategic recommendations. The AHP results indicate that cyber resilience is the highest priority, surpassing C-ISR and UAV technologies, highlighting its fundamental role in ensuring the effectiveness of modern network-centric defense systems. Without robust cyber capabilities, other defense technologies are vulnerable to disruption and degradation. Furthermore, the SWOT analysis positions the strategy within the W–O (turnaround) quadrant, emphasizing the need to leverage external opportunities to overcome internal limitations. The recommended strategies include developing an integrated cyber defense architecture, enhancing interoperability through international cooperation, strengthening domestic defense industry capabilities, and implementing layered cyber defense systems. Overall, this study underscores the importance of cyber resilience as the backbone of adaptive, integrated, and sustainable defense capabilities to safeguard national sovereignty in the era of asymmetric and hybrid threats.

OPTIMIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING TO SUPPORT THE FREE NUTRITIOUS MEAL PROGRAM IN ORDER TO REALIZE A RESILIENT NATIONAL DEFENSE

2026-04-09T21:49:29+07:00

The free nutritious meal program introduced by the Indonesian government under the Prabowo–Gibran administration represents a strategic policy aimed at improving children’s nutritional status, enhancing educational outcomes, and strengthening national resilience. This study examines the challenges and strategic role of human resource planning in supporting the implementation of the program. Using a qualitative approach, the research identifies three major issues: limited human resource competencies, inefficient logistics management, and suboptimal supervision and monitoring systems. The findings reveal that inadequate skilled personnel and weak coordination across the supply chain hinder the effectiveness of food distribution, particularly in remote areas. Furthermore, the absence of an integrated monitoring system reduces the program’s impact on improving children's nutrition. The study highlights the strategic contribution of the Indonesian Navy in addressing these challenges through comprehensive human resource planning, including capacity building, structured training, cross-sectoral logistics coordination, and technology-based monitoring systems. Strengthening these aspects is essential to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of the program, which ultimately contributes to the development of a healthy, productive generation and supports a resilient national defense system.

THE 2023 UNITED STATES–IRAQ CONFLICT REVIEWED FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF LEADERSHIP AND STRUGGLE, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INDONESIAN NAVY

2026-04-10T09:25:58+07:00

The 2003 United States invasion of Iraq stands as one of the most controversial military interventions of the early twenty-first century. This study examines the conflict from the perspectives of leadership, fighting spirit, international humanitarian law, and its strategic lessons for the Indonesian Navy. Using a qualitative method, the research analyzes the historical background of the war, the legal and political justifications advanced by the United States, the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime, and the prolonged instability that followed the invasion. The findings show that the conflict reflected a sharp contrast between George W. Bush’s preemptive and decisive leadership style and Saddam Hussein’s authoritarian-personalistic rule, both of which revealed critical weaknesses in long-term strategic governance. The study also highlights that military superiority and rapid tactical victory did not guarantee strategic success, particularly in the absence of effective post-conflict planning, institutional reconstruction, and public legitimacy. Furthermore, the conflict demonstrated serious humanitarian consequences, including civilian casualties, torture, sectarian violence, and mass displacement. For the Indonesian Navy, the Iraq War offers important lessons regarding comprehensive strategic planning, operational adaptability, technological readiness, intelligence accuracy, and the necessity of upholding humanitarian values in modern military operations.

The Implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) to Improve the Accuracy of Credit Decision-Making: A Case Study of Consumer Cooperative X – Savings and Loan Unit (USP) “Gajian di Muka” Product

2026-04-14T18:50:21+07:00

This study aims to analyse credit risk in Consumer Cooperative X, specifically within the Savings and Loan Unit (USP) for the “Gajian di Muka” product, by applying Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) based on ISO 31000:2018 through a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach. The background of this study is driven by the increasing ratio of non-performing loans (NPL) exceeding the cooperative’s tolerance threshold, as well as weaknesses in credit verification and monitoring processes that affect the accuracy of credit decision-making.

This research employs a descriptive qualitative method through in-depth interviews and document analysis to assess the severity, occurrence, and detection capability of credit risks. The root causes were identified using a fishbone diagram combined with the 5 Why approach, and subsequently analysed using FMEA to obtain the Risk Priority Number (RPN).

The findings indicate that several credit risks with high RPN values require priority mitigation, particularly those related to weaknesses in data verification, limited supervision, and the lack of an optimal early warning system. Following the implementation of ERM–FMEA-based mitigation strategies, credit risk can be controlled through improved operational procedures, strengthened verification systems, and the development of an early warning system. These findings demonstrate that the integration of ERM and FMEA is effective in enhancing early risk detection, reducing potential credit risk, and improving the accuracy of decision-making as well as the operational sustainability of the cooperative.