The IMPACT OF PLASTIC BANKING IN INCOME
A CASE STUDY OF THREE BARANGAYS IN NAGA CITY
Abstrak
Naga City, Camarines Sur generates roughly 80 tons of garbage per day and is heavily polluted with persistent floods due to improper waste disposal. Nearing the city landfill’s maximum capacity, the city’s Solid Waste Management Office (SWMO) set waste management programs to efficiently manage waste. One of which is the Plastic Banking Project, a public-private partnership for waste diversion and income generation in local communities.
Plastic Bank is dedicated to stop ocean-bound plastics and reduce poverty through their recycling ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Plastic Banking Project on its contributions to the income in the three partner barangays through the registered and unregistered plastic bank members. Multiple Regression Model is used to determine the impact of the project on being a formal register member of Plastic Bank.
This study proves that an increase in collected solid waste kilos per month increases monthly income. On the other hand it found out that labor hours and social benefit tokens had no relationship with monthly income. However in the descriptive analysis of the study, the researchers found out that the majority of the respondents state that being an active collector for the plastic banking project, impacts them through additional income and benefits and can engage more people to turnover solid waste in Plastic Bank.
Referensi
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Asim, M., Batool, S. A. §i Chaudhry, M. N. (2012). Scavengers and their role in the recycling of waste in Southwestern Lahore. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 58: 152-162.DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.10.013
Challcharoenwattana, A., & Pharino, C. (2015). Co-Benefits of Household Waste Recycling for Local Community’s Sustainable Waste Management in Thailand. Sustainability, 7(6), 7417–7437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067417
Chiu, Anthony SF.(2010) Waste Management and the 3Rs in the Philippines. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, pp. 4–19, The 3Rs and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries: Lessons from Implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management in the Philippines, www.jstor.org/stable/resrep00773.8. Accessed 11 Mar. 2021. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep00773.8
Chun N.; Khor N. 2010. “Minimum wages and changing wage inequality in Indonesia”, Retrieved from: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28407/economics-wp196.pdf
Dar es Salaam (2003). Solid waste collection that benefits the urban poor. Collaborative Working Group on Solid Waste Management in Low- and Middle-income Countries. Retrieved from: https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Coad-2003-Solid.pdf
Dyah Retno Wijayanti, Sri Suryani,Waste Bank as Community-based Environmental Governance: A Lesson Learned from Surabaya,Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,Volume 184,2015,Pages 171-179,ISSN 1877-0428,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.077.
Genda, Y., Kuroda, S., & Ohta, S. (2015). Does downsizing take a toll on retained staff? An analysis of increased working hours in the early 2000s in Japan. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 36(1), 1-24.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2015.02.003
Godfrey Ganizani Kwantra Mvuma (2002). URBAN POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (MSWM): A CASE STUDY OF MASERU AND MAPUTSOE IN LESOTHO. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT-ENGINEERING IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, THE UNIVERSITY OF DURBAN-WESTVILLE SOUTH AFRICA. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5044
Gunsilius, E., Chaturvedi, B. §i Schein berg A. (2011 ). The Economics of the Informal Sector in Solid Waste Management, retrieved from:http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2011-cwg-bookleteconomicaspects.pdf
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Harrison, A. and Scorse, J.. 2010. "Multinationals and Anti-sweatshop Activism." American Economic Review, DOI: 10.1257/aer.100.1.247
Hoornweg, Daniel; Thomas, Laura.(1999).What a waste : solid waste management in Asia (English). Urban and local government working paper series ; no. UWP 1 Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/694561468770664233/What-a-waste-solid-waste-management-in-Asia
Jeffrey Provencal, “rePATRN: experience with informal waste pickers in Ghana”, Field Actions Science Reports [Online], Special Issue 22 | 2020, Online since 23 December 2020, connection on 06 February 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/6351
Karunarathna, A., Rajapaksha, T., Gamagedara, Y., Kaldera, S., & Vidanage, N. (2020). (Rep.). Institute for Global Environmental Strategies. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep29012v
Katzman, M. T., (1988). “From Horse Carts to Minimills.” The Public Interest. Summer. No. 92, pp. 121-135.https://www.gdrc.org/uem/waste/swm-ias.pdf
Kaza, Silpa, Lisa Yao, Perinaz Bhada-Tata, and Frank Van Woerden. (2018). What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050. Urban Development Series. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO
Keisham, S., & Biswajit, P. (2015). A Review on the Recent Scenario of Municipal Solid Waste Management in India. A Review on the Recent Scenario of Municipal Solid Waste Management in India, 3(3), 1–15. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.735.8370&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Khair, H., Rachman, I., & Matsumoto, T. (2019). Analyzing household waste generation and its composition to expand the solid waste bank program in Indonesia: a case study of Medan City. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 21, 1027-1037.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/245/1/012021/pdf
KLHK (2018). NATIONAL PLASTIC WASTE REDUCTION STRATEGIC ACTIONS FOR INDONESIA, Retrieved from: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/32898/NPWRSI.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Kumar, R., 2012. Waste Management and Clean Mechanism Development. Accessed from www.booksie.com on 07/05/2015. (URL: http://www.booksie.com/other/article/rohit_kumar/waste-management-and-clean-development-machanism)
Lee, D., & Lim, H. (2017). Multiple thresholds in the nexus between working hours and productivity. Contemporary Economic Policy, 35(4), 716-734.https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12230
Malerba, D. (2020). Poverty alleviation and local environmental degradation: An empirical analysis in Colombia. Science Direct: World Development.https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/wdevel/v127y2020ics0305750x19304255.html
Mankiw (2013). Principles of Economics. 6th Edition http://fzp.ujep.cz/~vosatka/ERASMUS/Principles_of_Economics/Principles-of-Economics--Mankiw-(5th).pdf
Martyn Andrews, Hans-Dieter Gerner, Thorsten Schank, Richard Upward, More hours, more jobs? The employment effects of longer working hours, Oxford Economic Papers, Volume 67, Issue 2, April 2015, Pages 245–268, https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpu026
Maryati1, S., Arifiani1, N. F., Humaira1, A. N. S., & Putri1, H. T. (2018, March 1). Factors influencing household participation in solid waste management (Case study: Waste Bank Malang) IOPscience. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/124/1/012015.
McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L., & Macpherson, D. A. (2016). Contemporary labor economics, 11th edition. IA: McGraw‐Hill Education. Retrieved from: http://www.lcwu.edu.pk/ocd/cfiles/Economics/EC/Econ-202/ContemporaryLaborEconomicsbyMcConnell.pdf
Meyer, G., (1987). "Waste Recycling as a Livelihood in the Informal Sector:The Example of Refuse Collectors in Cairo." Applied Geography and Development. Vol. 30, pp. 78-94.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022935424598
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. 2019. Plastic Waste Management: Issues, Solutions, & Case Studies. Retrieved from http://164.100.228.143:8080/sbm/content/writereaddata/SBM%20Plastic%20Waste%20Book.pdf
Monirozzaman, S., Bari, Q. ~i Fukuhara, T. (2011). Recycling practises of solid waste in Khulna City, Bangladesh. Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 37: 1-15.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236115627_Recycling_Practices_of_Solid_Waste_in_Khulna_City_Bangladesh
MORENO-SÁNCHEZ, R., & MALDONADO, J. (2006). Surviving from garbage: The role of informal waste-pickers in a dynamic model of solid-waste management in developing countries. Environment and Development Economics, 11(3), 371-391. Doi :10.1017/S1355770X06002853
Nasreen, M., Hossain, K. M., & Kundu, D. K. (2006). The Interrelationship between Poverty, Environment and Sustainable Development in Bangladesh: An Overview. The Interrelationship between Poverty, Environment and Sustainable Development in Bangladesh: An Overview, 3(2006), 56–79. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.624.1562&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=59
Neumark, D., Schweitzer, M., & Wascher, W. (2004). Minimum wage effects throughout the wage distribution. Journal of Human Resources, 39(2), 425-450. http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/XXXIX/2/425.short
Nolasco, Margie & Beguia, Yolanda & Lourdes, Maria & Padua, O. (2019). Solid Waste Management in Naga City: Its Culture of Information Dissemination. Volume 7. 12-17.http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/APJMR-2019.7.04.02.pdf
Nzeadibe, T.C. ~i Chukwuedozie, K.A. (2011). Development impact of advocacy initiatives in solid waste management in Nigeria. Environment, Development and Sustainability 13(1): 163-177.https://www.academia.edu/28633505/Development_impact_of_advocacy_initiatives_in_solid_waste_management_in_Nigeria
OECD. (2013). OECD Better Life Index, From:http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/
OECD. (2018). Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2018, Retrieved 27 July 2018. From: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/oecd-compendium-of-productivity-indicators-2018_pdtvy-2018-en#page38
Parizeau, K. (2015). When Assets are Vulnerabilities: An Assessment of Informal Recyclers’ Livelihood Strategies in Buenos Aires, Argentina. When Assets Are Vulnerabilities: An Assessment of Informal Recyclers’ Livelihood Strategies in Buenos Aires, Argentina, World Development,67, 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.012
Prayuth Tanomboon. (2015). Sustainable Sanitary Landfill to Energy System (SSLTES) Naga City Landfill/ Philippines https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Report_PH_Naga_SolidWaste_Prayuth_2015.pdf
Purnama Putra, H., Damanhuri, E., & Sembiring, E. (2018). Integration of formal and informal sector (waste bank) in waste management system in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. MATEC Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815402007
Rockson, G.N.K., Kemausuor, F., Seassey, R., Yanful, E. (2013). Activities of scavengers and itinerant buyers in Greater Accra, Ghana, Habitat International 39: 148-155 Retrieved from http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/13577/1/Activities%20of%20scavengers%20and%20itinerant%20buyers%20in%20Greater%20Accra%2C%20Ghana.pdf
Schubeler P. (1996). Conceptual Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management in Low-income Countries Retrieved from: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/829601468315304079/pdf/400960Municpal1te0framework01PUBLIC.pdf
Sea-Circular. 2020. Case Study: Wangwa Community - Local Strategies Effective Plastic Waste Management Models. Retrieved from https://www.sea-circular.org/local-strategies-to-effective-plastic-waste-management-models-case-study-wangwa-community/
Sonia Dias, « Waste and Development – Perspectives from the Ground », Field Actions Science Reports [Online], Special Issue 6 | 2012, Online since 31 May 2012, connection on 25 May 2021. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/1615
Stefan Gabriel BURCEA (2015). THE ECONOMICAL, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF INFORMAL WASTE COLLECTION AND RECYCLING. Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania. Retrieved from: http://www.um.ase.ro/no103/2.pdf
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2022-02-11
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Magpayo, M. M., Martinez, N., Virtucio, A. F., & Rosete, M. A. (2022). The IMPACT OF PLASTIC BANKING IN INCOME: A CASE STUDY OF THREE BARANGAYS IN NAGA CITY. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 3(1), 107 - 146. https://doi.org/10.7777/jiemar.v3i1.263
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