Advancing Teacher Performance through Learning Innovation in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Literature Review
Abstrak
Tinjauan ini mensintesis penelitian tentang metode atau strategi pengajaran yang meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada siswa untuk mengatasi variabilitas efektivitas pedagogis dan penilaian di berbagai konteks pendidikan. Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak beragam pendekatan pengajaran terhadap pengembangan berpikir kritis, mengidentifikasi tren metodologis, dan menganalisis tantangan dalam implementasinya. Seleksi sistematis studi empiris dan meta-analisis yang mencakup pendidikan dasar hingga perguruan tinggi, berbagai disiplin ilmu, dan lingkungan global dilakukan, dengan menekankan desain kuasi-eksperimental dan metode campuran. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis proyek dan berbasis penyelidikan secara konsisten meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan melibatkan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah otentik, terutama ketika diintegrasikan dengan STEM dan teknologi digital. Pedagogi yang ditingkatkan teknologi, termasuk alat AI dan pembelajaran campuran, lebih lanjut mendukung berpikir kritis tetapi menghadapi hambatan terkait akses dan kesiapan guru. Praktik penilaian sangat bervariasi, dengan evaluasi berkelanjutan dan formatif terbukti lebih efektif daripada tes terisolasi, meskipun standardisasi masih terbatas. Selain itu, pengembangan profesional bagi pendidik sangat penting untuk mempertahankan pengajaran berpikir kritis yang efektif, sementara strategi interdisipliner dan kolaboratif mendorong keterampilan kognitif integratif meskipun terdapat tantangan koordinasi. Temuan-temuan ini mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa kerangka kerja yang komprehensif, didukung teknologi, dan difasilitasi guru sangat penting untuk menumbuhkan pemikiran kritis. Tinjauan ini menyoroti implikasi untuk merancang pedagogi yang terukur dan peka terhadap konteks, serta menyerukan penelitian longitudinal yang ketat untuk memvalidasi hasil yang berkelanjutan.
Referensi
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